Freedom, civility and responsibility

Millions marched across Europe and elsewhere in support of Charlie Hebdo, the satirical magazine whose staff was brutally murdered by Islamic extremists. Millions, in solidarity, declared themselves, "I am Charlie."

Freedom of the press, freedom of speech, freedom of expression. These ideals are all precious and must be defended. But was the massacre at Charlie Hebdo the result of free expression or flawed judgment? Make no mistake: The culprits here are the Islamist gunmen who murder in the name of religion; they alone are responsible.

But the satirical magazine flouted its offensiveness toward Muslims — and other religions. The magazine's humor was based in part on its atheist principles. They knew that millions of Muslims considered any depiction of the prophet Mohammed to be a sacrilege. That made them all the more eager to draw caricatures of the prophet. Their cartoons were the equivalent of poking a complainant in the eye.

Pope Francis, who is no defender of religious violence, suggested this week that Charlie Hebdo should have shown more respect for the religious beliefs of Muslims. Respect for another person's religion should be a principle as precious as freedom of the press. That is not to say that blasphemy should be a criminal offense or that respect for religion should be written into law. It should be a matter of good manners and social grace.

We are in an age when people are too easily offended. It seems difficult sometimes to say anything without offending someone. But respect for others' religion or politics should come easily and would certainly avoid disagreements and fights. In the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo massacre, many people have quoted Voltaire: "I don't agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." Perhaps we should add, "I find what you say offensive and disrespectful of others, and I wish you would reconsider the way you make your point."

We are in an age when disrespect has become respectable. Political leaders shout at each other and say cruel things. Comedians base their humor on tearing down the walls of civility. Many "jokes" make us cringe.

Charlie Hebdo, a magazine I've never read, pushed the envelope of disrespect, particularly of religion. While it had every right to these expressions, the magazine did not promote civil discussion, mutual respect or cross-cultural understanding.

No one should be executed for exercising their freedoms, but everyone should be more cautious about offensive behavior and more respectful of other people. Freedom carries with it an obligation to exercise that freedom responsibility. With great freedom comes great responsibility.

'Arab Spring' is a chilling winter for Christians

In this "Arab Spring" (a misnomer if ever there was one), one aspect of the changes in Middle East governance has largely been overlooked. In all three countries where the United States has favored the overthrow of long-ruling dictators, the Christian minorities in those countries have suffered.

In Iraq, where the United States overthrew the cruel, despotic Saddam Hussein, Christians have fled the country as Shiite and Sunni Muslims have fought their civil war and both Islamic factions have attacked Christians. Hussein, for all his cruelty, had kept the insurgent Shiite majority in check and had protected Christians from abuse.

In Egypt, still in turmoil since the overthrow of, first, Hosni Mubarak, and, later, the Muslim Brotherhood's Morsi, Coptic Christians, with a 2,000-year history in Egypt, have become targets of the Islamist insurgents. Churches have been bombed, and Christians have been murdered.

Syrian Christians have also become targets of the insurgency, which includes Islamist factions, including al-Qaida. Christian communities in the majority-Sunni nation trace their churches and traditions back to New Testament missionaries. Saint Paul was headed to Damascus, the Syrian capital, when he experienced his conversion. Those Christian communities are under attack by the Muslim rebels. Bashar Assad and his father had protected the Christian minority perhaps in part because Assad's family belonged to the Alawite sect, a Muslim minority.

In each case, these revolutions gave power to Islamist elements, some of whom consider it their duty to kill "infidels" or expel them from their Islamic territory. To these zealots, a Christian church is an affront to Allah and must be destroyed; Christian worship is likewise detestable; and Christian witness is a capital offense. Religious freedom is blasphemy to them.

Certainly, U.S. foreign policy did not deliberately aim to disrupt or destroy Christian minorities in these Islamic countries, but by supporting, to one degree or another, the overthrow of powerful despots who had protected the religious freedom of Christian minorities, the United States has made life more difficult for Christians throughout the Middle East.